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'Experimental study of break-out force of pipes in sand' - Dr Haitao Lan
Abstract:
When pipes are buried underground, they will experience different kinds of condition. In this study, break-out forces of pipes in sand are focused here. The investigation is conducted using a small-scale test chamber to simulate small diameter pipes or cables pulled into different directions. The break-out forces are measured using special design load cells installed in the pipe which overcomes disadvantages using external load cells. The tests are carried out with ten different pull-out angles and three different buried depths in loose and dense sand. The pull-out loads and displacements curves are obtained. The failure envelopes are built through the physical modelling.